Moreover, tints are useful for differentiating areas of a design. For example, a tint may provide the background or the border for a box containing an extra or distinct piece of information.
Tints may be used for the type itself or as a background to the type, as in tables. Tints are usually represented as a percentage of the original color (where 100% is the full value of the original color and 0% is white) and most software programs will allow you to adjust these values easily.
Fig 2.2 sample of poster that apply tints
For example, based on the sample above (fig 2.2), Dimitris Kanellopoulos has used a gradient from black to bright pink, which reinforces the image of the lightbulb and creates a dark background for the reversed- out text.
USING COLOR TO CREATE HIERARCHY
Layering of information is usually referred to as hierarchy. Color is a useful tool for creating hierarchy both in print and on screen.
A strong, bright color, such as shocking pink can used to attract attention to a title or a key word or phrase within the body text. The reverse may also work, where a muted color stands out from a strong, boldly colored section of text or design. Contrasting colors can be effective. They can make something stand out or, if they are complementary opposites, they may react with each other, causing the interface between the two colors to seem to vibrate. This can be effective in creating hierarchy by drawing the eye to a specific area of the design.
Fig 2.3 sample of color hierarchy, by Nils Carlson
This technique is often used in packaging—of cleaning products. For example, Nils Carlson has used the metaphor of cleaning products for this design; the link is made immediately clear to the viewer through the recreation of the bright contrasting colors associated with the packaging for this category of product.
- Color and symbolism (p.130 - 131)
COLOR AND SYMBOLISM
Fig 2.4 color wheel
It is almost impossible to avoid associating colors with meanings, and it is important to consider these connotations in relation to the context or subject matter of the design.
One obvious link is between color and temperature: as shown on the color wheel, we think of reds and oranges as “warm” colors and blues and purples as “cold” colors. Of course, there are many other links—red as a symbol of danger or warning, black as the color of mourning.
However, if you are designing for an international audience, bear in mind that color symbolism may differ between cultures. For example, in China red is associated with good fortune not danger, and the color of mourning is white not black. Regional differences aside, these allusions can help direct the reader/viewer and also convey the context or feel for the design. If your design relates to a hot climate, the obvious color choice would be within the warm range, but if you wanted to create contrast or impact, you might choose colors from the cooler range. Interestingly, placing warm colors near cool colors can make the warm color appear warmer and vice versa.
- Technical issues relating to color (p.132)
TECHNICAL ISSUES RELATING TO COLOR
Color in print, for example, is reproduced differently from that on screen. In print it is usually produced using the four process color inks, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK), whereas color for screen is produced from red, green, and blue (RGB) light. When designing on screen for print, be aware that certain colors visible on screen may not be replicable in CMYK.
When considering how color will print on your finished design, bear in mind that the stock can affect the depth of color. If the stock is very absorbent, for example, the color may appear less bright. However, the PANTONE® system shows how colors appear on different stocks, and so will help to avoid disappointing results.
- Type and movement (p.133 -147)
TYPE AND MOVEMENT
The illusion of movement is often created in print typography using all manner of techniques, including basic flip books, blurring effects, and by the typeface design itself.
Fig 2.5 sample of movement
For example, this poster (fig 2.5) by Small Stakes suggests movement by integrating the silhouettes of the birds with the black type.
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